Tezuka adapted his own manga, and the 1963 series is the one that set the working method for Japanese television animation. To make a weekly half hour on the budget available, Tezuka's studio used held cels, repeated stock cuts of recurring actions, and three frames per exposure instead of one. That economy is the root of the limited-animation grammar the industry used for decades, so the adaptation matters twice: as a version of the manga, and as the production model everything after it inherited.